-
I
I
)
I
I
I
I
J2.U[iigr:u.ier (UG)
'
I
a. Element
increasing
apologetic
force
I
i
b. Taking
on Responsibiiity,
include:
(a)
Elements
(in
italics)
to
increase
the
I
apologetic
force such as "I'm
terribly
1
sorry", "Iam
very
sorry", "Ireally
d.idn't I
I
mean
to
hurt you".
I
I
*
Seifblame (e.g. "Ifs
my fault")
*Lack
of
intent (e.g."
I
diili;'t mea.'l it")
*Achnission of fact (e.g. "I
forgof')
I
I
j (b)
Offender
is
v.-illing
to
take
the
I
I
responsibility
and expressing
it
by blaming
1
i
himself
or
herself,
asserting
that
he
or
she 1
I
.
doesn't
mean
a.'ly l:ramlor
bv
admittiru!: to
i
I the fact
i
I
I
13.Dow Kgrading {DG)
I
a. Dmvngrading
responsibility,
include:
I
*
Excuse (e.g. "My
watch
r.as stopped")
1
'' Justification(" I was suddenly
called
to
a
meeting")
'' Claiming
ignorance
(e.g. "I
didn't
I
(a)
To
lessen or
minimize the
offen(',e, in
I
I
the hope that the offended
disrrrisses
the
i
· matter.
To
do
this,
the
offender may
give
I
excuses,
justifications, show
ms
or
her
I
unawareness,
question
the precondition,
1
and reject
the occurrence
of
the
offence
1
(b)
He
or
she
may
reduce
t.e
harslmess of
I
I
the violation.
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I
'
tffiOWl
"t")·
I
I
I
*
problematiz.ing a precondition
(e.g.
"We're not
supposed. to meet
before
12.00")
*
Derial (e.g. "I didnt do if
1
I
'
1
b. Reduce
severity of offense
(e.g. 'Tm
!
1
4. Offer of
repa1ir (OR)
To
pay the
debt,
the
offender usually
offer
i
remedy to the
offended
soch as
'Til pay
I
I
5. Verbal
n!dress (VR)
I
«r
the damage",
"I
11vi!l retu..m
the book 1
tomorrO\\' '
Sometimes, the
offender
shows concern
for
the
offended,
tries to calm
the offended
i
a. show
concem
(e.g.
I
o
.
i
H
"
\o
f
n
•.u
"e
"
»)
J
hope
you
weren't
and promise that the offence
will
not
I
happen
again.
·
Ib. efforts to appease (e.g. " let
me buy you
!
a
drink")
I
c. pmmise
of forbearance
(e.g. "It
won't
I
happen
again")
I
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