8
Edward Said also points out that Orientalism occupies three overlapping domains:
“It designates
firstly
the
4000-year
history
of and
cultural
relations
between
Europe
and Asia;
secondly
the scientific
discipline
producing
specialists
in
Oriental
languages
and culture
from
the
early
nineteenth
century;
and
thirdly
the
long-term
images,
stereotypes
and general
ideology
about
‘the
Orient’
as
the ‘Other’,
constructed
by
generations
of
Western
scholars,
which
produce
myths
about
the
laziness,
deceit,
and irrationality
of orientals.”
(Selden, Raman and Widdowson,
Peter.
1993:190)
From
the
above,
we
can
say
that
Orientalism
is
an
ideology
which
talks about
the
negative
perspective
from
Western
toward
Asian
as
they
call
themselves
as
Superior
while the others as Inferior.
2.3 Diaspora
Cohen,
Robin
(1997)
defines
the
common elements
in
all forms
of diaspora
that
people
who
live
outside
their
“natal
(or
imagined
natal)
territories”
and
recognize
that
their
traditional
homelands
are
reflected
deeply
in
the
languages
they
speak,
religions
they
adopt,
and
the
cultures
they
produce.
And
diaspora
is
broken
down
into
various
forms
in victim
diasporas,
labour
diasporas,
imperial
diasporas,
trade
diasporas,
homeland diasporas, and cultural diasporas.
According to Sutrisno, Mudji (2007:259):
“Diaspora
adalah
jejaring
yang
tersebar
dari orang-orang
yang
secara
kultur dan etnis saling terkait. Konsep-konsep yang terkait dengan
istilah
ini meliputi
ide perjalanan,
migrasi,
ketersebaran,
perpindahan
(displacement), rumah dan batas. Pada umumnya, meskipun tidak
selalu demikian,
mempunyai
konotasi
makhluk
asing
(alien),
orang-
orang
yang
tercerabut
dari tempat
asalnya
(displaced
person),
pengembara (wanderers), perpindahan secara paksa.”
“Diaspora
is a network which is spreaded
by people who are connected
culturally
and
ethnically.
The
concepts
which
are
connected
with
this
term
consist
of
the
idea
of
traveling,
migration,
spreading,
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