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2.4.1 Cultural Diversity and Cultural Differences
According to Homi K. Bhabha (1981) in The Commitment to Theory states:
“Cultural
diversity
is
an
epistemological
object-culture
as
an
object
of
empirical
knowledge-whereas
cultural
differences
is the
process
of
the
enunciation
of
culture
as
‘knowledgeable’,
authoritative,
adequate
to
the construction
of systems of cultural
identification.”
(Ashcroft,
Bill
et
al. 1995:206)
It can be said that cultural diversity talks about the differences in culture
in each of states
or
city
in
a country
from
geographical
position
while
cultural
differences
explain
the
process how each geographical area has its own culture.
2.5 Resistance
According to Bill Ashcroft
in Post-Colonial Transformation, resistance is refusal
to absorbed, taking the array of influences exerted by the dominating power, and altering
them into tools for expressing
it deeply held sense of identity and cultural being.
(2001:20)
It
can
be
said
that
resistance
is
a
refusal
toward
something
that
people
are
not
feel
so
comfort
if they follow it and they will
hold what they feel comfort for them.
2.5.1 Counter-Discourse
In Foucault’s
formulation,
discourse
is an intimate
a
system of social
knowledge
with-well-bounded
rules
of
inclusion
and
exclusion:
one
is
either
in
a
discourse
or
not;
one either adheres to it or not, in which case one might subscribe to an opposing
discourse. (Ashcroft, Bill. 2001:32).
Bill Ashcroft comments toward Foucault’s formulation about discourse as he states:
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