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involve  face-to-f ace  interaction  with  the  consumer  and  also  the  promotion  is 
designed to appeal to a vast target market in gener al.  
2.1.4 Forms of Promotion Media
Marketers  are  able  to  engage  in  promotion  activities  through  different  forms  of 
media. There  are  two main  categories  when it comes to media  used for  promotion 
which includes traditional media and alternative media (Barber, Dunn and Marshall, 
2013).  Traditional  media  as  the  word  describes  is  considered  as  an  older  form of
promotion  media.  There  are  several  main  examples  of  traditional  media  which 
includes:  newspaper,  television,  radio  and  print.  Traditional  media  is  designed  to 
carry  out the contents of  the  promotion in a uniform manner whereby the message 
will be similar across different forms of media.  (Bagdikian, 2004). Some marketers 
might argue  that traditional media today is  not  as  effective as  before since  people 
tend to have different needs and appealing factors which would attract their interest 
to  a promotion  and make  them conduct a purchase. However traditional  marketing 
also has its advantages as they have a high level of exposure whereby consumers of 
all ages have access to the promotion (Hulten and Vanyushym, 2014). Marketers also 
believe  that  the  cost  per  viewer  in  traditional  marketing  is  cheaper  compared  to 
alternative media and this is due to the content of the promotion being uniform or in 
other words non-customized.  
Alternative media on the other hand is a newer version of promotion media whereby 
its main focus is to tailor the content of a promotion to different viewers. Alternative 
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