24
bet ween
each
ot her
by
using p hysical
devic es
(hardw are),
command
and
informat ion
processing p rocedures
(softw are),
communicat ion
channels (net w orks),
and
st ored
dat a (dat a
resources)
since t he ear y
ly
civilizat ion (James
A. O’Brien, 2005).
Shel y
ly
(2010)
st at es
t
hat t he
comp onents
of informat ion
syst em can be described
as:
?
Ha®dw a®e:
consist s
of
everyt hing
in the
p
hysical layer
of the
informat ion sy stem.
?
Soft ware:
refers
t
o
t
he p rograms that
control t he hardw are and
produce t he desired informat ion or result s.
?
Dat a:t he
raw
mat eri al
t
hat
an informat ion sy st em transforms
int o useful
informat ion.
?
P®o©esses:also known
as p rocedures, are the tasks
and business
functions
t
hat
users,
managers,
and IT
st aff
members p erform
t
o
achieve specific
result s.
?
People: those who
have an int erest in an informat ion sy stem are
call ed
stakeholders, w hich include
t
he
users
and
t
he
IT
staff
members.
2.1. 2. Steps in
System s Development
Life Cycle
Shel y
ly
(2010) st ates
t
hat t he basic
st eps of
syst ems
develop ment life cy cle are div ided int o:
?
Plannin g:
conduct a p reliminary
invest igat ion t o
det ermine
the
project ’s feasibilit y .
?
Analysis:
develop
a
logical
model of t he new
sy stem.
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