CHAPTERl
INTRODUCTION
1. 1.
Background of
studies
A
successful
translation
should
be
read
as
if
it
is
originally
written
in
the
target
language.
Recent
academic
research
has
shown
that
translating
from
one
language
into
another
is
one of
the most complex
higher
order
activities of the human
brain,
particularly of
poetry.
Laurence
Perrine
states
in
his
book
Sound
and
Sense,
that
Poetry
might
be
defined
as a
kind
of
language
that
says
more
and
says
it
more
intensely
than
does
ordinary
language
(1984:
3).
When
we
translate
a
text
or
anything
from
the
source
language
(SL)
into
the
target
language (TL), some words
might be
missing or
changed
if
there
are
no
equivalences.
In
translation,
two shifts that
may
change
in
its
process
are
level and category
shifts
(Mahali,
1998).
However,
there are
certain
elements
involved
in
the
process of
translation,
which
go
beyond
this
conventional
area.
This
is
especially
true
for
literary
translation in
general and
translation of
poetry in
particular.
According
to
Jackson
(2003),
literary
translation
is
a
translational
species
in
itself, but
it
"differs in
many
important
respects
from
the
kind
of
translation
practiced
in
a
language
class".
He
contends that,
on
the
one
hand,
literary
translation
involves a
good
deal
of
interpretation
about
intent and
effect.
On
the
other
hand, the
literary
translator
is
often
not as
much
interested
in literal
'transliteration'
as
in
finding
a corollary
mood,
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