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2.1.6
2.1.6.1 GPRS
According to Lawrence (2011:95), GPRS (General Packet
Radio Service) is a packet-based data service that makes use of
time divided frequency channels to transfer packet data, rather
than voice data.
GPRS offers a standard maximum data rate of
80kbit /s down and 40kbit /s up theoretically.
2.1.6.2 EDGE
According to Lawrence (2011:95), EDGE (Enhanced Data
rates for GSM Evolution) is a backward-compatible
enhancement to GPRS. EDGE is roughly four times as efficient
as GPRS, using more coding schemes than its GPRS
predecessor. EDGE offers a standard data rate of 236.8 kbit /s
both in upload and download speed.
2.1.6.3 UMTS
According to Lawrence (2011:95), UMTS (Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System) is a mobile data
technology built for the GSM standard. UMTS uses wideband
code division multiple access (CDMA) technology. CDMA uses
spread-spectrum technology to allow multiple users to use the
same channel.
2.1.6.4 HSDPA
According to Lawrence (2011:96), HSDPA (High-Speed
Downlink Packet Access) is enhanced mobile data protocol
which allows networks based on UMTS to have higher data
transfer speeds. HSDPA offers a maximum download rate of
7.2Mbit /s (depends on mobile operator). Upload speed remain
at maximum of 384kbit /s.
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