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BAB 2
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Landasan Teori
2.1.1 Kecerdasan Buatan
Kecerdasan
buatan
adalah
suatu
bidang
ilmu
dalam
sains
dan
teknik
yang
mempelajari
bagaimana
cara
membuat
mesin
yang
dapat
berpikir
dan
bertindak
secara
manusiawi
dan
rasional
sehingga
dapat
membuat
keputusan,
memecahkan
masalah,
belajar,
dan
menyesuaikan
diri
terhadap
lingkungannya
sehingga
dapat
melakukan
pekerjaan
seperti
dan
sebaik
manusia bahkan
bisa
lebih
baik
lagi
daripada manusia.
Pada
dasarnya
pengertian
kecerdasan
buatan
dibagi
ke
dalam
dua
dimensi
dan empat kategori.
Thinking Humanly
“The exciting new effort to make
computers think … machines with
minds, in the full and literal sense.”
(Haugeland, 1985)
“[The automation of] activities that
we associate with human thinking,
activities such as decision-making,
problem solving, learning...”
(Hellman, 1978)
Thinking Rationally
“The study of mental faculties
through the use of computional
models.”
(Charniak and McDermott, 1985)
“The study of the computations that
make it possible to perceive reason,
and act.”
(Winston, 1992)
Acting Humanly
“The art of creating machines that
performs functions that require
intelligence when performed by
people.” (Kurzweil, 1990)
“The study of how to make
computers do things at which, at the
moment, people are better.” (Rich
and Knight, 1991)
Acting Rationally
“Computational Intelligence is the
study of the design of intelligent
agents.” (Poole et all, 1998)
“AI… is concerned with intelligent
behavior in artifacts.” (Nilsson,
1998)
Gambar 2.1 Dua dimensi dan Empat Kategori dalam Kecerdasan
Buatan (Russell & Norvig, 2010)
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