11
•
Application
Layer
is
the
most
upper
layer,
high
level
of
TCP/IP
protocol
that
contains
the
logic
that
is
used
to
support
variety of
user
application. It
primarily
handles the issues of representation, encoding, and dialog control.
•
Transport
Layer
is
a
layer
that
provides
transport
services
with
logical
connection between
endpoints
of
each
network
that
connects
both
source
and
destination,
and
also
the
functionality
of
data
exchange
reliability
to
assure
that
all transmitted data
is arrived
reliably
in
the same order and can be shared by all
applications.
Transmission Control
Protocol
(TCP)
is
most
common protocol
in
this layer.
•
Internet
Layer
is
a
layer
that
functions
to
route
or
relay
data
or
packets
across
multiple
networks.
It
is
implemented not
only
in
the
end
systems
but
also
in
routers.
One
of
the
most
commonly used
protocols in
this
layer
is
Internet
Protocol
or
IP,
along
with
Internet
Control
Message
Protocol (ICMP),
and
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
•
Network
Access
Layer
is
a
layer
that
is
concerned
with
the
exchange
of
data
between end system and the network.
All systems that are attached
to the
network
must
provide
address
for
communication and
exchange
information
to
pass on data from the source to the destination.
•
Physical Layer
is
a
lower
layer
that
provides
physical
interface between devices
and
networks.
Data
is
transmitted
from
the
devices
or
machines
to
the
network
via this interface, such as cables, cards, etc.
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