30
syst ems
are suitable
for
companies that
have independent op erat ing
unit s,
such as mini
markets, where ea ch
of
it s
st ores is managed t o
meet
local
ret ail
condit ions.
Each
st ore has
a comp ut er t hat runs
business
app licat ions
such
as
cash
register
operations and
merchandising.
?
Dist ributed
Processing
Wit h
dist ribut ed p rocessing,
processing dev ices are
p
laced at
remot e
loc ations
but
are
connect ed t o ea ch
ot her vi a
a
net work.
One
benefit of
dist ribut ed
processing
is t hat
managers
c
an a lloc at e
dat a t o
t
he
locations
t
hat
can process
it
most
efficient ly . T hese comp uters are
connect ed
t
o a
network so
t
hat sales dat a gat hered by each
st ore’s
comput er
can
be
sent t o a
huge
dat a rep osit ory
on
a
mainframe
comput er for
effic ient analy sis
by
market ing
analyst s and
product
supply
chain mana gers.
2.4.
Trade
Finance
At
t
he
most
basic
level,
t
rade
financ e consists of borrowing
usin g
t
rade credit (a ccount s receivabl e) as collat eral and/or
t
he
p
urchase of
insurance a gainst
t
he p ossibilit y of t rade credit
defaults.
In t radit ional t rade
finance
contracts,
exp ort ers
obt ain
working capit al
loans,
credit
lines,
discount ed
prepay ments,
or
credit default
insurance
based
on
foreign
purchase orders or cred it gu arantees
p
rovided by
t
he
importer’s
bank
(Ahn,
J., A mit i, M ., & Weinst ein, D. E., 2011).
Sinc e
World War II, there has
been a
consid erable
increase in
world
t
rade
between
independent
sovereign
st at es. In int ernat ional
t
rade,
 |