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Levinson (1978) also elaborated the categories of doing positive politeness strategy as
stated below:
Categories of Positive
Politeness Strategy
Example
Claim Common Ground
1.
Notice , attend to hearer (his
interest, wants, needs, goods)
1.
Goodness, you cut your hair! (…) By
the way, I came to borrow some flour.
2.
You must be hungry, it’s a long time
since breakfast. How about some lunch?
2.
Exaggerate (interest, approval,
sympathy with hearer)
Yes, isn’t it just ghastly the way it always seems to
rain just when you’ve hung your laundry out!
3.
Intensify interest to hearer
I come down the stairs, and what do you think I see? –
a huge mess all over the place, the phone’s off the
hook and clothes are scattered all over…
4.
Use in-group identity markers
Bring me your dirty clothes to wash,
(honey/darling/Johnny.
5.
Seek agreement
A: John wet to London this weekend!
B: To London!
6.
Avoid agreement
A: So is this permanent?
B: Yeh, it’s ‘permanent’ – permanent until I get
married again.
7.
Presuppose/raise/assert common
ground
I’m just walkin’ down the street, ya know, and I damn
near get run over by this huge Cadillac that comes
roarin’ by, ya know, like he owns the world, and I’m
so scared, ya know I just about die…
8.
Joke
Ok if I tackle those cookies now?
Convey that Speaker and Hearer
are Cooperators
9.
Assert or presuppose speaker’s
knowledge of and concern for
hearer’s wants
I know you can’t bear parties, but this one will really
be good – do come!
10.
Offer, promise
11.
Be optimistic
I’ve come to borrow a cup of flour.
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