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2.1.3 Biometric
Biometrics originated form ancient Greek
with the word of bios and metron. Bios
means
life and metron means measure [8]. Biometric is a measurement of a unique physical or
behavioral characteristic that
is
used to uniquely
identify an individual [2].
Example
of
physical
characteristic
including
fingerprints,
eye
retinas and
irises,
facial
patterns
and
hand
measurements,
while
example
of
behavioral
characteristic
including
signature, voice and typing patterns. In this thesis, we referred them to biometrics data.
2.1.3.2 History of Biometrics
An explorer Joao de Barros reported that the
first known
model of biometric system
was
a
model
of
finger
printing
that
is
used
in
China
in
the
14
th
century.
The
book
which
Barros wrote tells that children’s palm prints and footprints were stamped on paper with
ink
to
differentiate
the
young
children
with
another.
This
method
is
the
one
of
the
earliest known and still used until today.
In 1890s, Alphonse Bertillion developed a method called “Bertillonage” which use
bodily
measurement.
That
method
was
used
to
identify
convicted
criminals,
because
many of the criminals change their names and appearance every time they got arrested.
Bertillion then realized that certain parts of the body will not change overtime.
Bertillonage was
using the
size of the skull and
the
length of
fingers as a
measurement.
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